However, a disproportionate increase in plasma volume results in hemodilution hydremia of pregnancy. Who estimates that more than half of pregnant women in the world have a haemoglobin level indicative of anaemia in developing countries 14. There is a lack of information on the magnitude of anemia among pregnant women in southeast ethiopia. Apr 26, 2019 whether you have these signs of anemia or not, you will usually be tested at least twice during pregnancy for anemia. In the united states, a lack of iron stores before and during pregnancy leading to iron deficiency is the most common culprit of anemia. Classification and treatment of the anemias of pregnancy. This results in a physiologically lowered hemoglobin hb level, hematocrit hct value, and rbc count, but it has no effect on. While some degree of dilutional anemia is part of normal pregnancy physiology, iron deficiency anemia can have serious adverse health consequences for the mother and child.
Nov 27, 20 anemia is a commonly described complication of pyelonephritis 16. Anemia in pregnancy merck manuals professional edition. The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear and simple recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of iron. A preterm or lowbirthweight baby a blood transfusion if you lose a significant amount of blood. Anemia is one of the most frequent complications related to pregnancy. Ferritin levels below 30l should prompt treatment and levels below 15l are diagnostic of established iron deficiency. Ppt anemia in pregnancy powerpoint presentation free. Anemia, the most common hematologic abnormality, is a reduction in the concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in blood. The indian council of medical research categories of anemia 5 fig 1. The occurrence of low hemoglobin in our study is 70. Causes of anemia in pregnancy physiological adaptation in pregnancy leads to physiological anemia of pregnancy. Generally, during second and thirdtrimester women suffer temporary pregnancy anemia. Anemia during pregnancy increases the risk of postpartum anemia iron deficiency during pregnancy is linked to a number of harmful effects on the fetus such as intrauterine growth restriction, death in utero, infection, preterm delivery and neurodevelopmental damage, which may be irreversible 6 7 8. Approximately 15% to 25% of all pregnancies experience iron deficiency.
This is the leading cause of anemia in the united states, and consequently, the most common type of anemia during pregnancy. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy is estimated to be around 38% compared to 29% of nonpregnant women. Nov 20, 2016 iron shortage is without a doubt the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy and represent 75 to 95 percent of all cases. In mild cases, theres probably nothing to worry about, but severe irondeficiency anemia could affect how baby grows and put her at risk for preterm birth. Pathological anemia of pregnancy is mainly due to iron deficiency beard, 2000. Anemia is a significant public health problem in developing countries, particularly in pregnant women. India contributes to about 80 per cent of the maternal deaths due to anemia in south asia. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6769 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. Anemia in pregnancy health encyclopedia university of. The aim of this study is, therefore, to determine the prevalence of anemia and assess associated factors among pregnant. Although more prevalent in lessresourced countries, women from developed countries are also affected. The dilution of blood in pregnancy is a natural process and starts at approximately at the eighth week of pregnancy and progresses until the 32nd to 34th week of pregnancy 3. It affects more than 56 million women globally, twothirds of them being from asia.
Prevalence of anemia globally and in southeast asian countries2,8 table 2. Iron is a mineral found in the red blood cells and is used to carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body, as well as helps the muscles store and use oxygen. Anemia prevalences during pregnancy differed from 18% in developed countries to 75% in south asia 7. Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin. Anemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin concentration of less than 110 gl less than 11 gdl in venous blood. There has been no recent study in uganda about the factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy. In this rare condition, there is a lack of red blood cells because the bone marrow stops producing them.
Genetic anemia can increase the chances of complications for both mom and baby, so its important that. Webmd explains the causes, symptoms, and treatment of anemia during pregnancy. Lack of different types of minerals results in different types of anemia during pregnancy. Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. May 04, 2016 with normal pregnancy, blood volume increases, which results in a concomitant hemodilution. In cases of severe anemia or ongoing blood loss, a blood transfusion may be necessary especially when delivery is imminent. Just how it could affect your pregnancy depends on the type of anemia you have. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy hirslanden private hospital.
Anemia in pregnancy causes prevention symptoms diagnosis. How to get the iron you need to prevent anemia during pregnancy. The who reported that a combined treatment with iron and vitamin a. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and fluid called plasma. The management of anemia in a pregnant woman depends on the duration of pregnancy, severity of the anemia and complications 10. The two most common causes of anemia in pregnancy and the puerperium are iron deficiency and acute blood loss. Nutritionally related iron deficiecy is the main cause of anemia throughout the worldbesides poor nutrition, frequent labour, multiparity, abortions, paraziticenfestations, consuming excess tea or coffee after meals determined as the predictors. The range of low hb among pregnant women in other developing countries is. Preventive services task force recommends routine screening for iron deficiency anemia in asymptomatic pregnant women. Classification of anemia age, sex and stage of pregnancy. Mar, 2020 anemia during pregnancy is a common affliction of pregnant women, due to many physical and hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. Anemia is common during pregnancy, but it can lead to serious problems for your unborn child. May 28, 2018 symptoms of iron deficiency anemia pregnancy are palpitations, paleness, and weakness.
The most common type of anemia experienced during pregnancy is the iron deficiency anemia. Since iron and folic acid in amounts necessary for the fetus are preferentially transported to the fetus, the mother is likely to develop iron deficiency anemia and folic acid deficiency anemia. Anemia in pregnancy anemia red blood cell free 30day. Anaemia in pregnancy is an important public health problem worldwide. Iron requirements increase during pregnancy, and a failure to maintain sufficient levels of iron may result in adverse maternalfetal consequences. Classification of anemia in pregnancy 3, 5 grossly classified into two types. Even in normal pregnancy, the hemoglobin concentration becomes diluted according to the increase in the volume of circulating blood. In industrialized countries approx 18% of women arein industrialized countries approx 18% of women are anaemic during pregnancy.
Anemia may cause your baby to not grow to a healthy weight. Thus, it is critical to distinguish iron deficiency anemia from physiologic anemia, as well as to identify other less common causes of anemia that may require treatment. The inci dence of anaemia varies from place to place even within the same country and depends on the socioeconomic status and level of. As reported in the american journal of clinical nutrition, irondeficiency anemia early in a pregnancy can double or even triple the risk of having a premature delivery or a low birth weight baby. Aug 09, 2018 numbness or a cold feeling in your hands and feet. Oct 22, 2016 iron deficiency anemia is responsible for 95% of the anemias during pregnancy. Jan 01, 2020 this condition, called irondeficiency anemia, can be dangerous to your pregnancy, especially if it occurs in the first or second trimester. Iron deficiency anemia and you normal changes to blood volume in pregnancy pregnancy causes many changes in the body. Between 15 and 25 percent of all pregnant women experience. Pdf management of anaemia in pregnancy researchgate. It may complicate pregnancy, sometimes resulting in tragic outcomes. The range of low hb among pregnant women in other developing countries is from 35% to 81% mclean, 2002. Irritability due specifically to a b12 deficiency if youre experiencing any of these symptoms and are concerned it might be anemia, be sure to let your doctor know.
Iron deficiency anemia and you ontario midwives aom. Most guidelines recommend an increase in iron consumption. In trinidad as well as in some other caribbean territories, a value of 10. When the level of hemoglobin drops below 11mg dl, the condition is anemic. Uk guidelines on the management of iron deficiency in pregnancy. Oct 10, 2014 anaemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in the lowincome countries where it is highly prevalent. Severe or untreated irondeficiency anemia during pregnancy can increase your risk of having. Prevention good pre pregnancy nutrition helps prevent anaemia as well as build other nutritional stores in the mothers body. Anemia is the commonest hematological disorder that may occur in pregnancy. Normal physiologic changes in pregnancy affect the hemoglobin hb, and there is a relative or absolute reduction in hb. One of the changes that happens in pregnancy is that the amount of blood in your body almost doubles.
Testing between 24 and 32 weeks is not ideal as the body, at this point, has just had a large surge in blood volume, and it takes a while for all. Keywords anaemia in pregnancy, iron deficiency anaemia, haemoglobin, ferritin. A woman with anemia before pregnancy is at higher risk of having it during pregnancy. Anemia during pregnancy causes, symptoms and cure food. The physiology of this association is poorly understood. Research article s january, 2016 prevalence of anemia and. A detailed history including diet, gynaecological, obstetric,drug and social history should. Epidemiology of anaemia in pregnancy anaemia has been found to be associated with poverty and underdevelopment and is one of the most common disorders globally.
Anaemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in the lowincome countries where it is highly prevalent. The timing is usually at the beginning of pregnancy and again around 28 weeks. In india, incidence of anemia in pregnancy has been noted to be as high as 4080%. India contributes to 80% of maternal deaths of south asia where anemia is responsible for 40% of cases directly or indirectly. Haemoglobin status and predictors of anaemia among. Thus during pregnancy, anemia is defined as hemoglobin hb feb 09, 2016 anaemia in pregnancy is a common problem. Anemia is the most common medical disorder during pregnancy. Who estimates that more than half of pregnant women in the world have a haemoglobin level indicative of anaemia 1. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, malik goonewardene and others published iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. We aimed to assess the current haemoglobin hb status and factors associated with anaemia hb anemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin concentration of less than 110 gl less than 11 gdl in venous blood. The incidence of anemia rose to 72 per cent in the group receiving no active iron therapy during the antepartum period. Although red blood cell rbc mass increases during pregnancy, plasma volume increases more, resulting in a relative anemia.
The effects of anemia on pregnancy outcome in patients with. Confusing the picture is the fact that anemia itself is a common complication of pregnancy and is associated with preterm delivery and small for gestational age infants 7, 8. With this condition, red blood cells are broken down and absorbed faster than they can be created, which results in anemia. You could likewise establish anemia from not getting adequate folic acid or vitamin b12, by losing a lot of blood, or from having specific diseases or acquired blood conditions, such as sickle. Pale skin color and pale sclera are both signs that validate the diagnosis of anemia.